Tillie Olsens Yonnondio Essays -- Yonnondio

Tillie Olsen's Yonnondio  As opposed to numerous other Depression-period books, in which the cooperation of the basic man is viewed as society's paste, Tillie Olsen's Yonnondio looks with incredible adoration at one family's battle to keep above water. Through the travails of a coal-mining/cultivating family, Anna Holbrook turns into the one steady in a general public that turns man against himself, and where fortune is fleeting.  The hunger for something stable is apparent as the youngsters show their wonderment of the physical world. As a grown-up discloses the stars to Mazie, Olsen states: As his words moistened into the night and vanished, she barely listened†¹only the air over them of immortality, of limitlessness, of everlasting things that had been before her and would be after her, remained and went into her with an incredible hurt and needing. (33) The present, the words portraying the stars, hold no interest for Mazie; the possibility of a changelessness more grounded than the Depression does. Two pages later, Olsen composes of Mazie stripping corn silk: Ã… she would fantasy about meshing it into articles of clothing inconceivable. Be that as it may, the tassells shriveled, developed earthy colored and malodorous, and she needed to discard them. (35) Her genuine life results just in death, and she should again call up something bearing, a sonnet gained from Old Man Caldwell. (35)  Olsen sees the Holbrook's battle as gallant. Says Caldwell, 'Mazie. Live, don't existÃ… Better to be a disabled person and alive than dead, not ready to feel anything. No, there is more†¹to oppose what won't let life be.' (37) It is this very honorability that permits the Holbrook family to get by past desires. Life is loaded up with obstacles, generally originating from others. In the wake of finding out about various natio... ... passionate asset for the split family. The last entry uncovers Mazie's blend of empathy and quality essential for endurance in the dusty, cold world: Her hand on the arm around him was open and delicate, yet the other lay fisted and horrendous like her dad's that night in the kitchen. Till the dayÃ¥ (152) Olsen has confidence in the family; they have swam through many difficulties, experienced relinquishment and demise, and still they will wake the following day. Endurance here isn't practiced by dependence upon others, yet on one own save of will. This is a distinct takeoff from Steinbeck's and others' perspectives on the Depression; in any case, the two ways of thinking hold gigantic compassion toward the lives brimming with hopelessness about which they composed.  Work Cited Olsen, Tillie.â Yonnondio: From the Thirties, Delacorte, 1974, reproduced, Dell, 1989.

Discharge of Water through a Spherical Orifice

Release of Water through a Spherical Orifice There are numerous elements that influence the release of water through a round opening. These can incorporate the tallness of water over the cut, the cross sectional region of the opening and the state of the gap that the liquid is coursing through [New Century Senior Physics 2004]. In any case, as a matter of first importance, what is liquid?   Liquids are characterized as any substance that can't support any extraneous or shearing power while keeping up its structure very still, essentially any substance as a gas or fluid [Britannica 2017]. They for the most part have no fixed shape and when presented to pressure, the liquid will encounter a ceaseless change [Britannica 2017]. Stream is an all inclusive property for all liquids [Britannica 2017]. For fluids specifically, the stream is affected by the quickening because of gravity. In the event that the liquid is non-gooey and incompressible, while the progression of the liquid is consistent, at that point this stream can be seen from a vitality viewpoint [Fluid Mechanics and Bernoullis Principle 1999]. In pipes, there are two variables to permit a liquid to stream, the principal technique is to tilt the channel so the liquid additions Gravitational Potential Energy [Fluid Mechanics and Bernoullis condition 1999]. This is characterized as the put away vitality that fluids or solids with mass have that is reliant on the increasing speed because of gravity and the particular stature the article or substance over the ground [Hyperphysics 2017]. At the point when the funnel has been tilted enough, the stream will be downhill, this second is the place the gathered gravitational potential vitality is moved to dyn amic vitality, the vitality of movement, thus making the progression of a liquid [Fluid Mechanics and Bernoullis Principle 1999]. The law of preservation of vitality expresses that for any physical or synthetic change, vitality can't be made nor devastated, this depicts this technique of the vitality move recently referenced [Madden et al. 2004]. {FLOW} The subsequent strategy to make a liquid stream is to expand the weight toward one side of the channel so it is bigger than the weight gathered on the opposite end. This thus makes a weight contrast which goes about as a net power, quickening the liquid through the channel which is known as stream [Fluid Dynamics and Bernoullis Principle 1999]. Planes are a typical type of liquid stream. They are characterized as a liquid released mightily through a limited opening or hole, bringing about a stream like movement [Meriam Webster 2017]. One of the principle segments of the stream is its speed, this is influenced by different elements including the openings size and shape, the liquids weight and consistency, even the medium which it goes through can, restrain the planes potential speed. On the off chance that the arrangement of the planes liquid is to some degree indistinguishable with a fixed medium encompassing the stream, the fly can be classed a lowered fly [Farlex Inc 2017]. Instances of this stream are the air ebbs and flows through a still environment, this is on the grounds that the liquid is air and the encompassing media is likewise air [Farlex Inc 2017]. There are numerous different types of planes including free streams which are the inverse from lowered, they are the place the fly goes through unbounded mediums. Se mi-contained planes happen when the fly goes along a level surface while restricted planes exist in mediums limited by strong surfaces, for instance a channel with a distance across bigger than that of the gulf [Farlex Inc. 2017]. {Jets, release, vena contracta?} At the point when liquid planes are moving, their cross sectional territory is regularly liable to contracting. The site of this compression is known as the regular marvel of vena contracta, which can be characterized as any of the areas in a fly of liquid rising up out of and opening where the streams cross sectional region is at its base [Dicionary.com, LLC 2016]. Vena contracta normally happens because of the liquids smoothes out uniting as they approach an opening [Calvert J.B. 2003]. For the most part, this prompts the cross sectional territory of the stream diminishing somewhat until the weight in the cross-segment has been adjusted, it is additionally now where the fly encounters its greatest speed in its stream [Calvert J.B. 2003]. Past the site of vena contracta, the planes streams begin to wander because of grinding and drag brought about by the fly coursing through another liquid, for this situation, the air encompassing the stream [Calvert J.B. 2003]. The cross-sectional region will increment while the stream decelerates from the encompassing liquid therefore which is the reason the fly can be seen changing from a steady stream to little beads. Planes are held together by surface pressure which is the reason they for the most part don't keep on being an ideal stream, this strain has a more grounded impact the littler the distance across of the fly [J.B. Calvert 2003]. This is the reason diminishing the size of the hole will prompt an expansion in the removal of the fly from the compartment on the grounds that by diminishing the cross segment, the stream will amass greater speed at vena contracta. Weight is another factor that influences the removal of the stream from the opening. In the event that the weight amassed inside the compartment is generously high, the liquid will in general pack in a shut holder [Spence Regan 2007]. Notwithstanding, if the liquid is incompressible like water, an expansion in weight will by and large lead the liquid atoms to fundamentally push facing the dividers of the compartment as it endeavors to decompress back to the ordinary climatic weight encompassing the holder [Spence Regan 2007]. Along these lines, when a break has been sprung in a compartment comprising of a pressurized liquid, the liquid will be slanted to get away, and with more weight, the quicker the liquids releasing speed will be [Khan Academy 2017]. Normally, particularly when managing water as a liquid, pressure is most regularly influenced by and straightforwardly relative to the stature of the waters (liquids) surface over the particular estimated area, or the profundity of th e area from that surface [Madden et al. 2004]. The explanation behind this is on the grounds that the stature of the liquid manages a mass over that particular area, which at that point, accepting that the liquid broke down is impacted by the quickening because of gravity, a power will be delivered as expressed in the condition underneath [Madden et al. 2004]. or on the other hand [Madden et al. 2004] This gathered power will bring about Pressure through the condition Where: P= Pressure (Pa) f=force (N) A=Area (m2) [Madden et al. 2004] Anyway in liquid mechanics, another increasingly precise condition is required, this is known as Bernoullis condition which identifies with Bernoullis Principle. This standard depends on the law of protection of vitality and states that a liquids pressure diminishes when it is exposed to expanded speeds, the other way around [Madden et al. 2004]. The weight, speed or statures of surfaces over the opening in many liquids are identified with similar parameters at a second point through Bernoullis condition as expressed beneath [Fluid Dynamics and Bernoullis condition 1999]. Where: P=Pressure (Pa) à Ã‚ =Density (kgm-3) v=Velocity of Fluid (ms-1) g=Acceleration because of gravity (ms-2) h=Height (m) [Madden et al. 2004] The weight of a liquid at profundity can be given through a subordinate of Bernoullis condition. Where: Ph=the pressure at profundity (Pa) à Ã¢ =density of liquid (kgm-3) g=acceleration because of gravity (9.81ms-2) h=the tallness of the liquids surface, for this situation the water, over the particular area where Pressure at profundity is estimated. Ptop = the weight at the liquids surface (Pa) [Madden et al. 2004]. This condition can be utilized to discover the weight at specific focuses like at a similar level as the opening inside the container [Madden et al. 2004]. For this examination in any case, the weight will be estimated and determined at a similar level as the opening and since the weight at the liquids surface can likewise be considered as the air temperature inside the room this will likewise be utilized in the condition. For eg, If the waters thickness, the quickening because of gravity and the pneumatic stress were kept at steady while the stature of the surface over a specific area was expanded, at that point the Pressure at that area ought to likewise build like so [Madden et al. 2004]. In the event that à Ã¢ =1000kgm-3, Ptop=94500Pa and g=9.81ms-2 When h= 10m [Madden et al. 2004] This is significant in numerous applications like dams, towns and particularly elevated structures. Water should be precisely pushed up to the highest point of a structure so individuals at the highest floors can have adequate water to have a shower [Madden et al. 2004]. It is likewise a result of this comprehension of liquid mechanics that sloping urban communities regularly fabricate water towers or repositories at the highest point of slopes or mountains to help gather this required strain to viably disseminate water to the populace [Madden et al. 2004]. Weight can straightforwardly influence the leave speed of the liquid being released as it streams out through an opening in any type of holder or repository. This is known as the speed of efflux and is resolved through numerous comparable formulae. The most widely recognized is gotten from Torricellis hypothesis which is about the connection between the tallness of the liquid over the hole, and the leave speed of the liquid anticipated from a sharp edged opening [Boundless 2016]. The law additionally expresses that the (speed) of a fluid streaming affected by gravity out of an opening in a repository is legitimately relative to the square foundation of the vertical separation between the outside of the fluid and hole and the square root double the quickening because of gravity [Britannica 2017]. The condition that identifies with this hypothesis is expressed underneath. Where: Vi= Velocity of Efflux (ms-1) g= Acceleration because of gravity h= Height of the liquids surface over the opening This speed is an outcome from an exchange of potential vitality to dynamic vitality [Boundless 2016]{Torricellis Law and stature/Displacement} Different deviations of this eq

How to Recognize a Meth Lab

How to Recognize a Meth Lab Addiction Drug Use Meth Print How to Recognize a Meth Lab There are some tell-tale signs that illegal drug activity is occurring By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on December 05, 2019 Fiona Goodall  / Stringer  / Getty Images   More in Addiction Drug Use Meth Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery The ingredients used to make methamphetamine in clandestine laboratories are generally household products that by themselves present little danger, but when combined can have serious toxic and explosive effects. If you came in contact with a methamphetamine lab operation, would you recognize it? What ingredients and equipment would be present? What should you do if you find a meth lab? Ingredients of Meth Most of the chemicals used to make methamphetamine are not dangerous, but some of them are hazardous. They can include everything from acetone to drain cleaner to cold tablets.?? Battery acid, paint thinner, and freon (yes, like youd find in an air conditioning unit) are possible ingredients too.   If you see any of the above ingredients stockpiled in greater than usual amounts, it could be an indication that someone is operating a meth lab. Meth Laboratory Indicators The equipment and processes used to produce meth can also reveal the existence of a clandestine methamphetamine laboratory.?? According to the U.S. Department of Justice, there are some things to look for that may seem innocent enough at first glance, but which may indicate a meth lab is nearby.?? Here are a few tell-tale signs: Propane tanks with fittings that have turned blue, an unusual amount of cold pills containing ephedrine or pseudoephedrine, and coffee filters with a white pasty substance or shiny white crystals  A strong chemical odor. Sometimes it can smell like urine.Glass cookware or frying pans with powdery residue, bottles with rubber tubing attached and other chemicals   Many of the above items are found in normal household products, but if they are gathered together in higher than usual amounts, it could indicate meth production activity.?? Recognizing a Meth Lab From the Outside If there is a meth lab inside a building, there may be some indications that can be observed from outside. The meth-making process produces strong odors and toxic fumes which the makers will try to ventilate by any available means, even if it means opening windows in cold weather or installing fans and blowers, which makes the smell detectable outside the building. Meth makers will also dump toxic chemical waste outside which can cause dead spots or burned areas in the grass and vegetation. They also produce a great deal of trash which contains unusual items. Meth producers are breaking the law, so they will sometimes set up extensive security measures, some of which can be seen from outside, such as video cameras, baby monitors, no trespassing or keep out signs, and possibly guard dogs.?? Meth Lab Occupants May Provide Clues Sometimes the behavior of the occupants of a house or building can be clues to the illegal activity going on inside. You might see occupants of a building containing a meth lab:?? Exhibit paranoid behaviorStay inside for extended periodsSmoke outside to avoid explosionsHave frequent visitors especially at nightTake their garbage to another location What About Shake-and-Bake Meth-Making? The one-pot or shake and bake method of producing methamphetamine may produce a smaller amount of the drug, but can be even more dangerous.?? Because of the pressure that builds up inside the containers used, they can explode, badly burning or even killing the meth-maker. The process uses many of the same ingredients and produces the same trash as a regular meth lab (see above), just not as much of it. The containers used (typically two-liter soda bottles) are left with a brown chemical stain inside. Because the shake-and-bake method can be done anywhereâ€"even in a vehicleâ€"there is not much evidence left of the activity except the trash left behind and the discarded containers. What to Do if You Find a Meth Lab Do not touch anything in the lab area and do not sniff any containers. Do not turn any electrical power switches or light switches on or off. Do not open or move any of the containers with chemicals in them.?? Whatever you do, do not smoke, eat or drink anywhere near a suspected methamphetamine laboratory. If you come in contact with a meth lab, you should decontaminate yourself and your clothing as quickly as possible, wash your hands and face thoroughly, and call your local authorities. Cleaning up a clandestine meth lab is a dangerous and complicated process that should be handled by trained professionals. Do not attempt to clean up or dispose of a suspected meth lab yourself.

The Criminal Aspect of Social Media - 1360 Words

When the term social media is used, both law enforcement and the general public most often think of the ability to either connect publically or share content through internet based social networking sites such as: Facebook; Twitter; YouTube or Instagram. Facebook alone has over 1.3 billion users who post more than 350 million photos and 20 million videos a day to their accounts. YouTube has over 800 million users that upload 65 hours of video every minute of every day. Twitter has over 645 million users who generate one billion tweets every five days. Social media is now an essential communication method in today’s society. While this initial thought is correct, criminals have also adopted this medium and often use it to communicate and to further their illegal activities. As such, law enforcement needs to look at the various internet applications of social media as an open source information platform in which criminal intelligence can be gathered 24 hours a day. Failure to do so means key pieces of an investigative puzzle may be overlooked. Open source information, when combined with existing police data, allows a more complete picture of offenders and crime patterns to develop. It serves to confirm what investigators already suspect or can point an investigation into a totally different direction. The Cincinnati Police Department (CPD), along with our academic partners at the University of Cincinnati Institute of Crime Science (ICS), first started to look at theShow MoreRelatedDisplacement And Diffusion, Mass Media And Crime Prevention1222 Words   |  5 Pages Assignment 3: Displacement and Diffusion, Mass Media and Crime Prevention, General Deterrence Sem Crime Prevention/Control LaBrittani Poole-James October 6, 2017 Grambling State University Assignment 3: Displacement and Diffusion, Mass Media and Crime Prevention, General Deterrence 1. 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This article discusses a claim made by many journals, articles and the entertainment results. The claim states that children and adults who are exposed to the media are aggressive and violent. According to such articles, violent content provokes aggressive behavior andRead MoreResearch Project : Facebook Cyber Issues899 Words   |  4 Pagesclassmates, and their parents for posting defamatory statements within a private Facebook group. A thorough analysis of the entire defamation case and the parties that were impacted has been provided in this portfolio project. Moreover, the legal aspects of the case are identified, along with the ethical issues, which probably are not legal in nature yet immoral and derogatory for the sufferer. Finally, a list of possible solutions has been suggested to avoid similar ethical and legal problems in

The Religion of Islam Essay - 1518 Words

Religion is as natural to man as social intercourse. The aim common to the religions of the world is that they undertake to bestow upon mankind the highest blessings, and the special way in which they seek to accomplish this is by establishing friendly relations with a Power which is stronger than the ordinary course of nature. Every religion which has counted for anything has had ready answers to three questions: What does it promise to do for the good of man? What is the nature of the higher Power on whose succor it relies? And, what is required of man as the condition of receiving the expected benefits? A further working test of its value is what it makes of morality. For Christianity, the appropriate question is What do†¦show more content†¦While it does contain legal prescriptions, the bulk of the Quran consists of broad and general moral directives- what Muslims ought to do. It replaced, modified, or supplemented earlier tribal laws. Practices such as female infanticide, exploitation of the poor, usury, murder, false contracts, fornication, adultery, and theft were condemned. In other cases, Arab customs were gradually replaced by Islamic standards. Quranic prescriptions governing alcohol and gambling illustrate this process. At first, the use of alcohol and gambling had not been expressly prohibited. However, over a period of years, a series of revelations progressively discouraged their use. The first prescription against the old custom is given in the form of advice: They ask thee concerning wine and gambling. Say: in them is great sin and some use for man; but the sin is greater than the usefulness. Then, Muslims were prohibited fr om praying under the influence of alcohol: Approach not prayer with a mind befogged until you can understand all that you say. Finally, liquor and gambling were prohibited: Satans plan is to incite enmity and hatred between you with intoxicants and gambling, and hinder you from the remembrance of God and from prayer: Will you not then abstain? Much of the Qurans reforms consist of regulations or moral guidance thatShow MoreRelatedThe Religion Of Islam And Islam1544 Words   |  7 Pagesand Islam are not exclusive and need not to be in competition. Instead, they overlap, and share common principles of justice and progress, tolerance and the dignity of all human beings† (Barack Obama). For many decades, in most cultures, religious practice has been a controversial issue, because each religion competes demonstrating that their practices are the true path to God. Religious tolerance is very important because followers should be free to choose their own religion. Some religions areRead MoreIslam Is A Religion Of Islam Essay2012 Words   |  9 PagesIslam is one of the oldest religions in the world, and with that has one of the biggest populations of followers and worshipers. However, it is also a very misunderstood religion. Muslims are extremely religious people, and they strictly follow the Qur’an, however in t he past there have been incidences, in which Arabs have done harm. These acts of few had a negative impact on the lives of many. After these events terroristic events took place, non-Muslims began to fear all Arabs and target them asRead MoreIslam Is A Religion Of Islam2646 Words   |  11 PagesIslam is Peace said by George W Bush the U.S. President at Islamic Center of Washington, D.C after the terrible 9/11 attacks. The president’s speech’s main point was to calm down the American streets and the fear inside the citizens towards Muslims people. 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A deep study of Islamic teachings and thought reveals that Islam is a religion of peace, security and protection; the true believers in the sight of God and His Messenger are those who embody those qualities. The dominant religion of Islam has been the center of much attention and controversy in today’s civilization. The Western perspective subjugates Islam and the Muslim cou nterparts as violent, aggressive, deviant and terroristic;

The Rise of Important Essay Topics

The Rise of Important Essay Topics It is often as large or as small as it is possible to consider! Many students think that it is a waste of time. Definitions of Important Essay Topics As stated above, one of the means where the examiner judges your vocabulary is the way many topic certain words you use. Make sure that you do not repeat the exact same point with unique tones and words. Also, be certain to check at the word in a sentence to be attentive to the way it relates to other words. It's also advisable to realise that IELTS is an international exam and once the writers of the exam are making the questions, their principal concern is writing questions that may be understood by nearly everybody in the world. The majority of the questions are on current topics, therefore staying current with what's going on in the world is really going to help you think of ideas. There are some main things you want to learn about before you even begin picking social issues essay topics. Well, the reply isn't too obvious here. When picking your social problems topic, try to remember that it's always far better to write about something you're already more or less acquainted with. Finding the Best Important Essay Topics Knowing the most usual IELTS essay topics lets you revolve around the most essential vocabulary. If you're reading an English newspaper, search for articles on the usual topics and highlight any excellent vocabulary. There are two major means by which you can use the most typical IELTS essay topics to your benefit. The introductory and conclusion para are definitely the most important section of an essay. There are several persuasive essay topics to pick from to finish your high school or college assignment. Needless to say, it's so much better when a student is supplied a freedom to pick the subject of their essay. When students are writing their argumentative essays that need to find, read and analyze a lot of material to do good. Reading editorials is among the best ways get ideas about how to approach an essay. By doing this it's possible to easily finish the descriptive paper. Firstly, you have to know the suitable format of essay writing. Since you'll be involved in the company of writing a descriptive paper, you ought to be thorough with your grammar. It's possible to go for an intriguing topic from any area of science. Block Chain Technology isn't only about the Bitcoins. Try out another topic and do the exact same 5-minute writing test till you locate a topic you know it is easy to write on. You may write about nearly every topic you enjoy. The majority of the essay topics are picked form the present affairs. If you're genuinely interested in a topic then it is significantly simpler to study and you're not as likely to stop. As an example, in college, you might be requested to compose a paper from the opposing perspective. When you compose a social issue essay, it is very important to clearly show your private view of the issue. If you think that you require assistance with your written assignments it is preferable to request skilled help from online writing service. Many students have a tendency to encounter the writing issues due to the shortage of suitable understanding. The government has proposed a remedy to boost the taxes to lessen the traffic jam. Utilize whatever you know to reveal your comprehension of the Earth, and bring out good old philosophical theories. You might, as an example, discuss advertising or parental influence. The issue is that everybody's interpretation of what makes a great society differs. Becoming creative and descriptive can on occasion be a challenge. Attempt to consider what age is great for students to date with one another. Learning a new language for an early age is helpful for kids. Education scholars are continuously evolving the way that they think about how we learn and what's taught. A lot of students put on a uniform. Some people believe teachers should be liable for teaching students to judge what's right and wrong so they can behave well. Foreign languages ought to be compulsory in the most important school.

Total Separation of Church and State free essay sample

Total Separation of Church and State â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The first Amendment of the Bill of Rights within the Constitution and an amendment that comes with support, rejection, and controversy. The amendment was made because the forefathers didn’t want a bloodbath that had plagued most of the world. Since 1618, at least 23 million people have been killed during a war revolving around religion issues. The wars have been fought over land, where separate countries claim a spot of land was promised to them, which is similar to the hostility that is going on between Israel and Palestine, and beliefs, like the Taliban and Syrian rebels attacking the United States Embassy’s because of a movie showing the face of the Islamic prophet Allah, and portraying him as a foolish, sexist pig. Many wars were fought â€Å"in the name of God†, which caused many men, women, and children to parish. When the forefathers came to North America, they didn’t want a repeat of the hostility. Thomas Jefferson coined the phrase â€Å"separation of church and state† in a letter to a political friend, and the phrase stuck, with James Madison saying, â€Å"The purpose of separation of church and state is to keep forever from these shores the ceaseless strife that has soaked the soil of Europe for centuries. † Because of the senseless fighting in Europe, separation was widely celebrated. But for separation to work, it needs to be enforced and to be strict. Strict separation is desirable for several reasons. First, it is a way of ensuring that we can all, as Americans, feel that it is â€Å"our† government, whatever our religion or lack of. If government becomes aligned with a particular religion or religions, those of other beliefs are made to feel like outsiders. The total separation of Church and State would benefit all citizens because it would end the persecution of non-religious persons. But, in the end, it comes down to one question: Can anyone prove that religion is a benefit to everyday life if it’s included in government? Since the founding of our country, the United States of America has been, mostly, Christian country with over two-thirds of the people belonging to Christianity, but that number is dropping. With the religious population dwindling down in the United States, the government should erect a wall of separation that James Madison and Thomas Jefferson envisioned. Erwin Chemerinsky wrote in the book Why Church and State Should Be Separate, â€Å"It seem s to me that if we want our citizens to feel that the government is open for everyone – that it is their government – we need our government to be strictly secular. With the total separation of the church from all federal affairs, it would benefit the citizens of the United States of America from persecution on individual’s personal beliefs and ideals. Our forefathers came over to the Americas to escape the religious oppression of the King of England, and the Church. While holding onto their Christian beliefs, the forefathers decided that the land that would become the United States of America would be of religious freedom, so as not to repeat the atrocity of England during this time period. Even though they tried, the oppression found itself on our shores, coming with a vengeance. In the past 50 years, the government has been adding religion into our country. On June 14th, 1954, president Dwight D. Eisenhower signed into law a change to the Pledge of Allegiance by adding ‘Under God’. Two years later, Eisenhower signed a law officially declaring â€Å"In God We Trust† as our nation’s official motto, which also mandated the phrase be printed on all American paper currency. Eisenhower’s choices to add these religious statements showed that the government has ahold of the ideals that once plagued England. This issue has been fought in many unsuccessful lawsuits trying to undo the damage done by Eisenhower. The biggest issue is a government cannot be premised on the belief that all persons are created equal when it asserts that God prefers some. This belief counter acts everything that the country had worked to accomplish. According to the principle of the constitution regarding the separation of church and state, religion is a private matter, which has no place in the presence of government. As in every argument, there are two sides. In this case, people say that we don’t need a wall of separation, that the church and state should become one, and that the United States should officially become a God fearing country, and that anyone who is not a Christian shouldn’t hold political offices. There’s a growing movement in which nonreligious persons are becoming more and more abundant, beginning to compare with the number of the Christians in the country, leading to a conflict that resembles the Crusades without all the violence. All religion should be kept out of government buildings and any and every government acknowledgements of a God should be thrown out, respecting the citizens that are not religious. Throwing out the mention of religion could lead to some major changes within the government, which could benefit the country. The first reason to make this change is that it protects the nonreligious from unfair persecution. Besides the danger of a direct mixture of religion and government, there is an evil which ought to be guarded against in the indefinite accumulation of property from the capacity of holding it in perpetuity by ecclesiastical corporations. Many Americans misunderstand the words â€Å"separation of church and state†, assuming that the law requires that public life must have nothing whatsoever to do with religion. The founders, by and large, were very much supportive of the role of religion in society, but they separated the ideas of society and government, leaving religion to play a role in society, not government. The separation of church and state is not meant to hinder religion, or to deny the role of religion in society or in our history. The concept of â€Å"separation of church and state† applies to the actions of the government only. The second reason to make a change is that we will be able to tax the churches. In 1986, an estimate showed that all religious income for that year was approximately $100 billion, or about five times the income of the five largest corporations in the United States. All tax free. With the money that is made from churches, the country would be bringing in billions of dollars a year that we can use to help pay off the deficit, build more roads, make more jobs, and build more schools. The third reason is that it’ll take the pressure off of public offices. When John F. Kennedy was elected president in 1961, the public was scared that the Catholic Church would take over the country. President Kennedy quickly made public that he supported separation of church and state and that â€Å"no catholic prelate would tell the president (should he be catholic) how to act†¦Ã¢â‚¬  As President Kennedy believed in, the greatest way for our nation to flourish is without religion involved in politics. Many politicians can’t be elected and lose to individuals that are not as qualified as they may have been. Religion is a very powerful tool, which we need to be careful on how we use it. Taking it out of government and federal affairs would greatly benefit the nation. The future of the United States of America is strong and prosperous as long as it adheres to the wishes of the forefathers and past presidents. Without religion, we shall strive. With religion, we will fall. In 1773, a Rev. Isaac Backus, a prominent Baptist minister in New England, studied amongst his people that when â€Å"church and state are separate, the effects are happy, and they do not interfere with each other: but where they have been confounded together, no tongue nor pen can fully describe the mischiefs that have ensued. † Looking at the ministers studies, it comes down to one final question: what will you choose; happy and separate, or mischievous and confounded together? With the non-religious growing in more and more numbers and their beliefs coming out, the world is noticing a change, a change for the better.  The change is bringing down the level of hostility toward non-religious individuals, and with separation of the church and state becoming an even bigger issue in today’s world; it has become a topic which cannot be ignored any longer.

Adjectives and Adverbs Guide

Adjectives and Adverbs Guide Adjectives and Adverbs Guide Adjectives and Adverbs Guide By Mark Nichol This post discusses two categories of parts and speech key to helping writers describe things and actions. Adjectives An adjective is a word or a combination of two or more words that modify or provide additional information about a noun. There are three general uses of adjectives: attributive, predicate, and nominal. An attributive adjective generally precedes the noun it modifies, as with broken in â€Å"a broken heart.† (One type of attributive adjective is a noun adjunct, a noun that functions as an adjective when it modifies another noun, as with kitchen in â€Å"kitchen counter.†) However, the noun may precede the adjective in the case of a postpositive adjective (also called a postnominal adjective), which occurs when the adjective is itself modified by an adverbial phrase, as in â€Å"a heart broken for the last time† and in phrases borrowed from other languages (such as â€Å"heir apparent†) and archaic or poetic usage (as in â€Å"forest primeval†). A predicate adjective is connected to a preceding noun by a linking verb, as with curious in â€Å"children are curious,† and a nominal adjective is one that functions as a noun substitute. This may occur in reference to a collective group when the noun is implied, as in â€Å"the wealthy,† or in the case of a superlative such as â€Å"the biggest,† or when a noun is elided rather than repeated (â€Å"I’ll wear the red shirt, and you wear the green†). Determiners are a category of words formerly considered by linguists as adjectives but now classified as a distinct part of speech, though dictionaries still identify them as a type of adjective. Examples of determiners that resemble adjectives in use include demonstrative determiners such as this and that, distributive determiners such as each and any, interrogative determiners such as what and which, possessive determiners such as my and their, quantifying determiners such as few and many, and numbers. Phrasal adjectives, modifying phrases that precede or follow a noun, are usually hyphenated, when they precede the noun, to emphasize their combination, as in â€Å"hardest-working employee,† but not when they follow (â€Å"the employee who is the hardest working†). Exceptions are made for permanent phrasal adjectives (such as cost-effective) that appear in the dictionary; these retain hyphenation after a noun. (Also, adjectival compounds beginning with self, such as self-respecting, are always hyphenated.) Likewise, omit hyphens in standing phrasal adjectives such as â€Å"post office† that are not hyphenated in their dictionary entries (post office employee). A source of hyphenation error is when a noun phrase that often appears as a phrasal adjective, such as â€Å"long term,† is hyphenated. Hyphenation is correct in a phrasal adjective before a noun (â€Å"a long-term plan†), but such a term is open not only after a noun (â€Å"a plan that is long term†) but also in isolation as a noun phrase (â€Å"in the long term†). Also, take care with comparative and superlative adjectives used in phrases such as â€Å"more punitive measures.† When â€Å"more punitive† is not hyphenated, more means â€Å"additional.† However, when a hyphen is employed, the phrase means â€Å"punitive to a greater degree.† Phrasal adjectives may include more than two words, as in â€Å"happy-go-lucky attitude,† but strings of more than three words are inadvisable, especially when they consist of a train of nouns employed as adjectives, such as in â€Å"data leakage prevention strategy.† Technically, the first three words, which together modify strategy, should be hyphenated (â€Å"data-leakage-prevention strategy†) to aid in reader comprehension (otherwise, the reader may not recognize the intended relationship until the last word is reached and may have to backtrack to understand the phrase), but such usage is cumbersome; it is often better to rephrase the term (for example, â€Å"strategy to prevent data leakage†). Adverbs An adverb is a word that modifies a verb or another part of speech to describe what, when, where, why, or how an action occurs; adverbial phrases and adverbial clauses also perform this function. The term adverb most familiarly applies to words ending in -ly that without the suffix serve as adjectives, such as lively, as in â€Å"They watched the lively performance.† However, many adverbs lack the suffix, as when they refer to location (for example, up or there), time (soon or today), frequency (seldom or daily), and so on. In addition, adverbs may be flat, meaning that they are root forms of -ly adverbs. These often appear on their own in informal contexts (as with quick in â€Å"Run quick to the store†) but may also appear in adverbial phrases, as in â€Å"quick-acting compound.† (Note that adverbial phrases are distinguished from phrasal adjectives in that they usually do not include hyphens- hyphenation in such phrases as â€Å"privately held† is erroneous. Those with flat adverbs are an exception.) Adverbs also modify parts of speech other than verbs. For example, in â€Å"quite annoying,† the adverb quite modifies the adjective annoying, and in â€Å"very quietly,† one adverb modifies another. The adverb only may modify a noun (â€Å"She drinks water only†), and adverbs modify prepositional phrases (in â€Å"I was almost up the stairs,† almost modifies not was but â€Å"up the stairs†) and clauses or even entire sentences (as in the case of actually in â€Å"Actually, they are on their way now†). Adverbs that modify an entire sentence rather than a verb or another part of speech are called sentence adverbs. Often, they begin a sentence, as actually does in the example in the previous sentence, or as often does in this sentence you are reading, though they may appear in the midst of a sentence or, as a tag following a comma (or, sometimes, a dash) at the end of a sentence. Many sentence adverbs, such as clearly, fortunately, and regrettably, signal that the sentence represents the writer’s opinion or at least conveys a bias. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:35 Synonyms for â€Å"Look†75 Synonyms for â€Å"Talk†How Do You Determine Whether to Use Who or Whom?

Juluis Caesar Essay

Juluis Caesar Essay Juluis Caesar Essay Brutus, Noble Leader Corruption is something that tends to happen in a multitude of government systems. Such events occurred in William Shakespeare’s drama, Julius Caesar. Julius Caesar is based on the occurrence of Caesars assassination and the aftermath throughout the struggle for power. Brutus, a well-respected roman politician and also murderer of Caesar tries to maintain the power from Octavius, Caesars son and Antony, Caesars loyal friend. Some people may think that Brutus was not a noble leader because he was not loyal to Caesar and was not honest to the people of Rome when he attempted to justify his actions. However, Brutus was a noble leader because he was loyal to the people of Rome and was honest about his feelings. Although many argue that Brutus is not a noble leader because of his betrayal towards Caesar, it is clear that Brutus was loyal to the people of Rome. The text reads, â€Å"I have no personal reason to strike at him-only the best interest of the people. It is evident that Brutus’ objective was to improve the lives of the Roman people. Admitting to the fact that he plans to kill Caesar for the better of the people. Loyalty to their people is a trait any noble leader must have, therefore Brutus, seeking only to satisfy his people, is a noble leader. Others argue that Brutus is not a noble leader because he was not honest to the people of Rome when justifying his actions of killing Caesar. However he was honest about his feelings when he gave his speech after Caesar’s death. â€Å"I weep for Caesar in that he was good to me.† In tears Brutus honestly reveals to the people what he feels for Caesar and the

Reducing the Hold of the Underage Credit Card Trap Essay

Reducing the Hold of the Underage Credit Card Trap - Essay Example With their deep pockets and ability to lobby Congress, regulating the credit card companies is not a realistic option. It's incumbent upon the customer base, the young people, to be well informed and make prudent credit decisions. It's also important for society to mandate that any young person that uses credit be licensed to do so, just as they are licensed to drive. Schools need to offer mandatory credit classes that will teach students how to calculate the cost of credit, as well as the long-term implications of credit card debt. They need to know that credit card purchases have a price, and the price may be hidden in the terms that they have failed to read. They need to recognize a misleading and overly aggressive credit card marketing scam when they see it. Most of the material could be integrated into existing Math and English courses. Math class could be used to teach how to calculate the long-term cost of a purchase based on the interest rate, as well as how to figure what the minimum monthly payment would be. English class could be a forum for reading and analyzing the fine print. It would need to offer a vocabulary section to discuss the specialized wording that companies use to mask their true intentions. It would be helpful if users understood the terms "pre-payment penalty", "grace period", and "inactivity fee".

Financial health of HKM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial health of HKM - Essay Example We see that HKM is doing a profitable business and the profits can sustain growth and expansion. The balance sheet allows a comparison of the assets the company owns and the liabilities. HKM has total assets amounting to 14278. Comparing this with the liabilities it reveals that HKM is not overburdened in any way by debts. Some ratios can help here. Liquidity is defined as a business' ability to meet its financial obligations2. It shows whether it is able to pay its short term bills (liquidity) and also projects whether its going to be able to service its long term debts when they become due (solvency). Two of the applicable ratios to calculate for HKM are: Going by the above analysis, HKM is doing rather well for a two-year old company. The company has recorded an impressive net profit, it is very liquid and the asset turnover ratio confirms that the company is very efficiently utilizing its assets. For more on ratio analysis see Lynch foulks (2001). The next tool of determining the condition of a business is the break-even analysis. According to some authors it is the volume of unit sales that must be made to at least recover the cost of sales3. For HKM Break-even is calculated as below Break-even analysis helps the management of a business to know the volume of sales that is needed to start making a profit4. ... Current ratio. It is a measure of a company's stability and efficiency. It is calculated as Current assets/current liabilities. = 3278: 1 372 = 8.81: 1 This is saying that HKM is able to pay its short-term obligations 8 times over and that's good news. Net working capital ratio. Net working capital is Current assets - current liabilities Net working capital ratio = Net working capital Total assets = 2966 = 0.21 14278 Return on assets. This ratio tells you the asset intensity of a company and is calculated as; Net income/Total assets = 17966:1 14278 = 1.258:1 1. Activity analysis ratio: Assets turnover ratio. Determines the total sales for every asset. The ratio tells you how efficiently a company utilizes its assets. = Sales Total assets = 87824:1 14278 = 6.15:1 Going by the above analysis, HKM is doing rather well for a two-year old company. The company has recorded an impressive net profit, it is very liquid and the asset turnover ratio confirms that the company is very efficiently utilizing its assets. For more on ratio analysis see Lynch foulks (2001). Chapter 2. Break-Even Analysis The next tool of determining the condition of a business is the break-even analysis. According to some authors it is the volume of unit sales that must be made to at least recover the cost of sales3. For HKM Break-even is calculated as below Contribution per item = 87824-56676-3954.6 500 = 54.39 Break-even point = 9227.4 169.66 54.39 Margin of safety = 500-170 * 100 500 = 66% 2.1 Benefits of the break-even analysis. Break-even analysis helps the management of a business to know the volume of sales that is needed to start making a

Occupational Therapy In Mental Health Health And Social Care Essay

Occupational Therapy In Mental Health Health And Social Care Essay Occupations are collections of activities and tasks of routines which are valued by individuals and cultures. Occupations include everything such as self-care, relishing life, and contributing to the social and economic aspects of societies (CAOT, 2002). It engages people in mutual work and it also promotes personal growth and development which offers possibilities to maintain healthy environment where people can interact with each other. (Creek Laugher, 2008).Occupational therapy is rehabilitation profession which involves the individuals with disabilities to attain maximum potential in performing function of daily living, employment, through the use of purposeful activities. (Stein Cutler, 2002). According to (Awan, 2009) Pakistan has poor condition in terms of occupation its safety and health legislature. People are more susceptible because they work informally, with no access to basic occupational health .Which creates barrier for a person to involve in any activities and participates in society which ultimately leads to loss of roles and responsibilities. Therefore occupational therapy is essential to accomplish basic tasks of daily living in order to enhance quality of life. More over Occupational therapy minimizes dependence on expensive health care and it also promotes societal acceptance of individuals. This reason led me to think about the occupational therapy in mental health context for Pakistani people. Where people are renowned for their occupation, because society value those who earns and make diverse contribution in society. Any mental disorder creates barrier for a person in occupation and compromises their quality of life. Therefore occupational therapy is es sential for a people because it engages people in various tasks of daily living and enhances self-worth of individuals so that they can live peacefully in societies. It was our first Mental Health clinical rotation at Karwane-e-hayat. The things which had convinced me in this rehabilitation center is occupational therapy. I noticed that my client was greatly involved with occupational Therapists. Every day new innovative activities were planned which influence the health and wellbeing of patient effectively, as patient involved in these activities very well. Furthermore when my client receives occupational therapy interventions he improves significantly more in terms of interpersonal relationships, which is the sign of disease improvement. The effectiveness of occupation therapy has convinced us a lot. Therefore we decided to plan more activities for the patient so that they can participate easily and interact more with other patients. To achieve this purpose we began with the assessment of patients interest and abilities. By identifying this we can plan activities according to their interest and implement them at clinical setting. Finally we evaluated our effectiveness of intervention which was positive and patients were happy and they request our group to plan more activities for them next time. To improve health and wellbeing of patient occupational therapist believed that person needs to participate in the activity of daily living. To describe this relationship of health and wellbeing a person environment occupational model has been proposed. This model deals with the interdependent relationship between three factors which are person, aspects of occupation and environment and their effects on performance of a person and health. The personal factors which have an effect on occupational performance are sex, age, gender, self-efficacy (feeling of I can do it).Environmental factor includes social, physical, cultural, institutional characteristics these factor interact with the personal factor which then have either positive or negative impact on persons occupational performance. The third factor which has an influence on occupational Performance, health and well-being is occupation, which includes tasks and activities that person performs on daily basis. These factors are constantly interacting with each other and they influence health and well-being of persons health (Law, Steinwender, Leclair, 1998). Relating this scenario, to our clinical setting, the self-efficacy of a patient motivated him a lot, and to increase the self-efficacy, environmental factor which includes social support system example friends and families considered being a strongest support system. The Patient who involve in the activity they insist their friends to be a part of the activity. Besides patients family support them very well to enhance their wellbeing, it was seen in clinical area that after taking discharge family members bring the patient in occupation therapy room to participate in the activity for 2-3 hours. The third component is occupation that includes tasks which sometimes produce negative symptoms on wellbeing for example work load, expectation of a job. During Mental status examination a client verbalized that he got ill because of major loss in business. Due to which client suffered from major depression and he got admitted in this rehabilitation center. Thus 3 factors are very important fo r the person to participate in the activity and improve their health prognosis. Occupational therapy has a positive impact in mental health settings. It treats individuals who are mentally ill, impaired cognition or emotionally disturbed. To treat these problems, therapists provide physical training and exercise training. It also provides independent living skills such as self-care for mentally ill and person who have cognitive impairment. Moreover it provides education for stress management to a client with disorder. It also promotes sense of independency, enhances self-esteem and self- worth. Occupational therapist collaborate with other health care professional to provide intervention for a group by leading activity in a group to prevent depression, increase socialization, It provide parenting skills to those parent who are disable or who have children with disabilities, They also educate regarding normal growth and improvement and how to deal with a patient with problematic behaviors. Therapist also arranges programs, to resolve conflict and for anger management to enhance motivation in a community so that people can develop interest for their work roles (AJOT, 2001). Occupational therapists are devoted to plan different activities for the patient to increase their well-being, but as a nurse we are also in a business to promote patients health, alleviate suffering and prevent them from disabilities. For this purpose we also planned activities for the patient in the rehabilitation center, which was exercising, sandwich making, cap making, collage work, word game and many more. Patient responded very well towards our planned activities they were greatly involved with other patient which increase their socialization, enhance their self-esteem, reduce their depression and decreases their feeling of loneliness which was verbalized by the patient. Moreover as a individuals it is our first and foremost responsibility to encourage people to adapt occupational therapy as an intervention because occupational therapy prevent the relapses. First of all people should know the positive outcome of occupational therapy which can be done through education and awareness, awareness through television and radio about disease related to mental health so that people should came to know about proper intervention related to disease process, Modifying exercise facilities to make them accessible to people so that they can easily practice, provide education skill development training in the context of everyday occupation, and also self-management training to manage health. However training of staff is very necessary to promote occupational therapy in mental health, government and private sector should established a programmed to trained therapist (AJOT, n.d). By concluding this, Occupational therapy plays essential role to promote wellbeing and to reduce the suffering, positive aspect of mental health can be promoted through occupational therapy, which enhance societal acceptance of patients and reduce the health expense by promoting wellbeing through activities and counseling. It is the responsibility of a nurse to promote OT in collaboration with other health care professionals to reduce the disabilities in the societies. Furthermore certain law and legislature should be imposed by government in the country to promote OT in the hospital which lacks this facility. All in all occupational therapy has a positive impact on patients wellbeing however if this intervention being neglected by the therapist or a nurse so it can produce negative impact on patients mental health. Awan, T. (2009, September 11). OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN PAKISTAN | Asia Monitor Resource Centre. Home | Asia Monitor Resource Centre. Retrieved from http://www.amrc.org.hk/alu_article/occupational_health_and_safety/occupational_health_and_safety_in_pakistan. CAOT Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists -Position Statement- Universal design. (2002). CAOT-ACE. Retrieved from http://www.caot.ca/default.asp Creek, J., Lougher, L. (2008). In Occupational therapy and mental health. London: Churchill Livingstone. Law, M., Cooper, B,. Strong, S., Stewart, D., Rigby, P. Letts, L. 1996. The Person-Environment-Occupation Model: A transactive approach to occupational performance. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy. 63(1):9-23 Law, M., Steinwender, S., Leclair , L. (1998). Occupation, health and well-being. Canadian journal of occupational therapy, 65(2),Pp, 81-91. Occupational Therapy in the Promotion of Health and the Prevention of Disease and Disability Statement. (2001). The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 55, PP, 656-660. Stein, F., Cutler, S. K. (2002). Psychosocial Occupational Therapy: A holistic approach (2nd ed.). Albany,New York, USA: Delmar.

oppositional defiant disorder :: essays research papers

According to the DSM-IV, if a child's problem behaviors do not meet the criteria for Conduct Disorder, but involve a pattern of defiant, angry, antagonistic, hostile, irritable, or vindictive behavior, Oppositional Defiant Disorder may be diagnosed. These children may blame others for their problems. Oppositional Defiant Disorder is a pattern of negativistic, hostile, and defiant behavior lasting at least six months, during which four (or more) of the following are present: Often loses temper. Often argues with adults. Often actively defies or refuses to comply with adults' requests or rules. Often deliberately annoys people. Often blames others for his or her mistakes or misbehavior. Is often touchy or easily annoyed by others. Is often angry and resentful. Is often spiteful or vindictive. It is important to note that a counselor or therapist will consider a diagnosis of oppositional defiant disorder only if the behavior occurs more frequently than is typically observed in individuals of comparable age and developmental level. In other words, the problems and conflicts between teens and parents are as old as time itself, and some conflict is normal and inevitable. However, when the parent/child conflict becomes increasingly severe and appears to be spiraling out of control, then ODD might be considered. Also, as teens are growing and learning, they will sometimes do some very ill-advised things that can cause them problems, both legal and in school. However, if this behavior does not repeat itself and is a one-time event, then a behavior disorder is probably not present. For a diagnosis of ODD to be made, the disturbance in behavior must be causing significant problems in school, in relationships with family and friends, and in the workplace. ODD will not be diagnosed if the the therapist suspects that the teen's behaviors are being directly caused by another psychotic or mood disorder, such as bipolar disorder. oppositional defiant disorder :: essays research papers According to the DSM-IV, if a child's problem behaviors do not meet the criteria for Conduct Disorder, but involve a pattern of defiant, angry, antagonistic, hostile, irritable, or vindictive behavior, Oppositional Defiant Disorder may be diagnosed. These children may blame others for their problems. Oppositional Defiant Disorder is a pattern of negativistic, hostile, and defiant behavior lasting at least six months, during which four (or more) of the following are present: Often loses temper. Often argues with adults. Often actively defies or refuses to comply with adults' requests or rules. Often deliberately annoys people. Often blames others for his or her mistakes or misbehavior. Is often touchy or easily annoyed by others. Is often angry and resentful. Is often spiteful or vindictive. It is important to note that a counselor or therapist will consider a diagnosis of oppositional defiant disorder only if the behavior occurs more frequently than is typically observed in individuals of comparable age and developmental level. In other words, the problems and conflicts between teens and parents are as old as time itself, and some conflict is normal and inevitable. However, when the parent/child conflict becomes increasingly severe and appears to be spiraling out of control, then ODD might be considered. Also, as teens are growing and learning, they will sometimes do some very ill-advised things that can cause them problems, both legal and in school. However, if this behavior does not repeat itself and is a one-time event, then a behavior disorder is probably not present. For a diagnosis of ODD to be made, the disturbance in behavior must be causing significant problems in school, in relationships with family and friends, and in the workplace. ODD will not be diagnosed if the the therapist suspects that the teen's behaviors are being directly caused by another psychotic or mood disorder, such as bipolar disorder.

Development of the Periodic Table

It’s a rarity that we should come across a laboratory, classroom, chemistry textbook or lecture theatre that doesn’t contain a periodic table of the elements. It required the immense research and determination of the scientist Dmitri Mendeleev to show us that all elements followed a natural form and provided us with the first decent periodic table. There are 111 elements recognised today by IUPAC and they are arranged in the periodic table in horizontal groups and vertical periods.The eight groups consist of the alkali metals, the alkaline earth metals, the transition elements, metalloids, non-metals, the halogens and the nobel gases. The development of the periodic table first began with Antoine Lavoisier. His job as a privatised tax-collector helped finance his scientific research. He was the first scientist to classified the elements into four groups. These groups consisted of gases, metals, non-metals and metal oxides. In 1789, he proposed the Law of Conservation of Mass. This law stated that the mass of the products of a chemical reaction is equal to the reactants.This led to the â€Å"chemical revolution† and sparked interest amongst other scientists which, in turn, led to the periodic table that we know of today. In 1817 Johann Dobereiner saw became aware that the atomic weight of strontium was exactly half of the sum of the atomic weights of calcium and barium, which were elements that possessed similar properties. It took Dobereiner another twelve years to propose the Law of the Triads, after extensive research into finding the triads of the halogen group and the alkali metal group.In 1829 he proposed that nature contained triads of elements, with the middle element showing properties that were an average of the other two elements when ordered by atomic weight. Slowly, Dobereiners views began to be taken up by other chemists who tried to complete the unfinished triads, as further knowledge of the elements was gained. Dobereinerâ₠¬â„¢s triads played an important role in Gmelin’s Hand Book of Chemistry, but besides their importance in this publication not much notice was taken of the triads until much later on.The first scientist to arrange the elements in a periodic system was not actually a chemist, but a geologist. Beguyer de Chancourtois proposed a three-dimensional representation of the list of known elements wrapped around a cylinder in a helical graph. Elements that appeared on the same vertical line on the cylinder had similar properties. His helical graph also contained compounds and ions as well as elements so Beguyer de Chantcourtois’ work was disregarded until the work of Mendeleev.In 1862, John Newlands wrote a paper in which he arranged the fifty-six known elements into eleven groups based on similar physical properties. He noted that many of the elements with similarities differed by some multiple of eight in their atomic weights. Newlands found his work unpublished by the Royal S ociety as there were many criticisms made about his classification of the elements. John Newlands left no places in the table for undiscovered elements which altered the flexibility of the scheme.He didn’t evaluate the best values for the atomic weights, which was a serious omission according to Mendeleev. Some of the elements didn’t obey the scheme, the metals Mn, Ti and Fe aren’t of any resemblance to the non-metals P, Si and s which are placed eight elements before them. He was so convinced of his Law that he tried to force the elements to fit into this system Newlands believed that the system of the octaves would remain valid despite the number of elements that should be discovered. His work was ignored and forgotten until the work of Mendeleev had become famous.Both Dmitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer produced similar results concerning the periodic table even though they worked independently of each other. Meyer constructed an abbreviated version of the peri odic table, with only half if the known elements included. Meyer did not separate the elements of the sub-groups and main groups as Mendeleev did, but he did include the transition metals. Meyer had already predicted that there were undiscovered elements that would fit in his system, and so he left vacant spaces for them to be added to the table as they were discovered.Meyer stated the Law of periodicity in 1868 which stated that ‘The properties of elements are largely periodic functions of their atomic weight, Identical or similar properties recur if the atomic weight is increased by a definite amount which is at first 16, then about 46, and finally 88 to 92 units’ Although Meyer’s table wasn’t used due to lack of certainty and flexibility, his colleague Seubert, from the University of Tubingen, republished his first papers in 1895, the year of Meyer’s death, so that students would be reminded of Meyers importance in the development of the periodic system.Dmitri Mendeleev published his first periodic table in 1869. He arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic weight. Mendeleev created cards, with each elements symbol, atomic weight and its physical and chemical properties written on the cards. When these cards were arranged in order of increasing atomic weight then a table of the elements was formed which gave rise to the periodic table of the elements. There were gaps present in the table but Mendeleev didn’t see this as a problem. Instead he believed correctly that the gaps insinuated that elements were yet to be discovered .From these gaps, he was able to predict accurately the physical and chemical properties of the undiscovered elements which he called eka-alumium, eka-boron and eka-silicon. The prefix eka- means similar to. He predicted that ten undiscovered elements existed and seven of these ten were discovered. Some say that his work and research was so brilliant because he wasn’t aware of the previous work done by Beguyer de Chancourtois, Dobereiner and Newlands. He didn’t accept the values for atomic weight without questioning the values.If the element did not fit into the scheme, he simply changed the weight and re-positioned the element in a group where its chemical and physical properties were more suited. He also made some of the periods longer to accommodate what we now know today as the transition metals. Mendeleev’s table is arranged in rows and columns. The elements that we see today in a horizontal period were shown on his table in vertical columns and vertical groups were shown in horizontal rows. Below is an example of the periodic table of Dmitri Mendeleev.Lord Rayleigh discovered a new inert, gaseous element in 1895 called argon. Although he knew of argon’s existence since 1983, it took him over a year to actually isolate the gas. Along with his colleague, William Ramsey, they noticed that this element didn’t fit into any of the known periodic groups. Ramsey made a suggestion that a new group should be formed and placed between chlorine and potassium in the periodic table. It was grouped with helium and a new family of elements was formed. Ramsey also correctly predicted the properties and identification of neon.These inert, gaseous elements were labelled as the ‘zero’ group because of the zero valency of the elements. They were also called the inert gases for many years because they almost completely lacked in any chemical reactivity. It was only when Neil Bartlett in 1962 successfully made a compound which included the element xenon, that the group became known as the noble gases. It was found that xenon bound chemically to oxygen and fluorine and so it showed that there is indeed, limited reactivity in this group of elements. Between the ears of 1911 and 1914, Henry Moseley established the atomic numbers of the elements in the periodic table. This atomic number refers to the number of elect rons in a neutral atom. He discovered the atomic number by using an experimental procedure which involved each element producing X-rays. He noticed that as the atomic weight increased, so did the energy of the X-rays. He didn’t understand this until he assigned numbers to the elements. This was a breakthrough in the development of the periodic table and gave rise to a periodic law.This law states that ‘The properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic number’. This Law was better than that of Mendeleev. When Moseley arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic number instead of increasing atomic mass then the irregularities that existed in Mendeleev’s table were gone. It is because of Moseley’s work that the periodic table that we have today is in existence. The final crucial change to occur in the period table of the elements came about from the work of Glenn Seaborg in 1940.He discovered the transuranium elements 94-102, sta rting with plutonium. A year later, Seaborg and his team discovered the isotope plutonium-239. He found that this isotope could be used to construct a nuclear bomb due to the isotope being fissionable by bombardment with slow neutrons. The amount of the plutonium-239 was very little so he began working on how to increase the abundance of the isotope. This research led him to join the Manhattan Project to make bombs for the U. S. Army.When the war ended he began focusing on the other trasuranium elements. Seaborg noticed that the heaviest elements were placed in the main body of the periodic table and he made another change to the table once again. He removed these heavy elements and placed displayed them separately from the main body of the table. He named the elements the Actinide series. As well as identifying the transuranium elements, Seaborg and his team brought to light more than 100 isotopes of the elements in the periodic table.Seaborg received the honour of having an elemen t named after him in appreciation of his extensive research into the periodic table. This element is named seaborgium (Sg). A transition metal is one which forms one or more stable ions which have incompletely filled d orbitals. Members of the transition elements and their compounds are good catalysts, probably due to their ability to change oxidation state. In the case of transition metals, they act as good catalysts because they are able to adsorb other substances onto their surface.The 38 elements occur in groups three to twelve, and it is their valence electrons that occur in more than one shell that cause them to have many oxidation states. Most of the transition metals take a coloured form, as do some of their ionic compounds. Because of the electrons in the d subshell, they are separated into different energy levels, causing the elements to absorb the frequencies of white light. Hence they appear to be coloured. The discovery of new elements, largely due to research in radioa ctivity, has had an appreciable impact on the development of the periodic table.The discovery of radioactivity in 1896 by Henri Becquerel inspired Marie and Pierre Curie to devote themselves to researching this area of chemistry. They succeeded in isolated radium and polonium just two years later. Marie measured the radiation given out by compounds of uranium and noticed that there was a similar radiation emitted by thorium compounds. During this time, she made the unexpected discovery that pitchblende contains a miniscule amount of an unknown radiating element. Pierre realised the importance of his wife’s work and joined in her research.Over the next year they found two new elements and began work on isolating them so their chemical and physical properties could be established. The third radioactive element was found three years after the discovery of radioactivity when actinium was separated from pitchblende by Debierne. The discovery of these three elements and radon were not the only ‘new’ elements found. Approximately 35 more elements were discovered in the early twentieth century, but these were later identified as isotopes of elements that had already been discovered.The identification of these isotopes and elements give rise to the modern periodic table of the elements. Some would say that although the periodic table is informative and a great discovery, the table does have some limits. Questions were raised in connection with the nonexistence of elements heavier than uranium. There were two main questions raised: Was it possible for heavier elements to occur in other parts of the universe? Was the lack of these elements caused by the instability of heavier atomic nuclei?John Newlands was the only scientist associated with the periodic table to consider the possibilities beyond the limits of the atomic weights. He talked about its upper and lower limits and concluded that there was a simple association between the atomic weights and the ordinal numbers. Some scientists continued to leave vacancies ahead of hydrogen for the neutron, electron, alpha-particle or the hydrogen ion, even after it had been known that the order number was indicated by the number of protons in an atom of the element.So today we are left with a period table of the elements that looks like this. There are eighteen groups and seven periods along with the lanthanoids and the actinoids in a separate grouping underneath the main body of the table. The table is laid out in such a way that the electron configuration for each element is valid as you go across a period. The periods get longer in the periods 4 – 7 to accommodate their electron configuration with s, p, d and f sub orbitals.The periodic table that we have today is a valuable resource for means of education. It’s something that many people take for granted, not realising that it was built over centuries by many great scientists. The modern layout is easy to use and com prehend making the understanding of organic chemistry as a whole easier. Although there may be some doubts to the validity of the table, no one can deny the fact that this family tree of the elements is nothing short of a genius way to assist in the teaching and learning of chemistry.

Titles Business For The Glory Of God - 1526 Words

In the book titles Business for the Glory of God, Wayne Grudem’s main theme is that â€Å"business itself glorifies God† (Grudem). Grudem touches on ownership, profit, money, competition, and borrowing and lending, glorify God because they are reflective of God’s nature (Grudem). First, I agree with Grudem’s point that â€Å"owning possessions is fundamentally good and provides many opportunities for glorifying God, but also many temptations to sin† (Grudem 19). â€Å"The heavens are the heavens of the LORD, but the earth He has given to the sons of men† (Psalm 115:16). In this verse, God declares that although He has created the earth and every person and item that is on the earth, He has entrusted men to possess the land and items that He has created. From a business prospective, owning land can be productive. If an individual or person owns land, then they can create jobs and hire people to fill those jobs. When people have jobs, then they are able to take care of themselves and their families. God wants all of His children to be able to provide for themselves and their families. In a sense, when a business owner provided someone with a job, they are praising God. This is because God calls all of His children to look after one another. â€Å"Sharewith the Lord’s people who are in need† (Romans 12:13). This is God’s message to business owners and those who have acquired His land to make money. God wants business men and women who he has empowered to employ and empower their brothersShow MoreRelatedThe Iliad : Greeks And Their Love For War1568 Words   |  7 PagesGreeks loved war. The Greeks loved glory, and honor! Death was a necessary path for all humans, an idea well established long before the Greeks. In the eyes of the Greeks, there is but one way to achieve immortality: Through glory! 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